The ideal number of pupils in each class and the effect it has on the quality of learning has been widely debated in education circles. Small class size refers to the practice of reducing the number of students in a classroom, typically to a maximum of 20 students or fewer per teacher. This has it’s own set of potential benefits and drawbacks. The definition of a small class size in Nigerian schools can vary depending on the type of school and the age of the pupils. However, in general, a class size of 10-20 students is considered small in Nigerian schools, especially for primary and secondary schools. In some private schools or international schools, the class size may be even smaller, with an average of 5-10 pupils per class. It’s worth noting that the National Policy on Education in Nigeria recommends a maximum of 40 students per class in public primary and secondary schools, but in practice, many schools exceed this number.
The Pros of Small Class Size
Improved Achievement
It is a common notion that reducing class size can lead to improved academic performance, particularly for differently abled pupils. With smaller class sizes, teachers can provide more individualized attention to each pupil and adapt their teaching to meet their unique needs. As a result, pupils are more likely to receive the help and support they need to succeed in their studies.
More Personalized Learning
In smaller classes, teachers can create a more personalized learning environment that is tailored to the needs of individual pupils. Teachers can work with pupils to identify their strengths and weaknesses and develop personalized learning plans that address their individual needs. This can help to engage pupils more deeply in the learning process and make them more motivated to learn.
Better Classroom Management
With fewer pupils to manage, teachers can devote more time and attention to classroom management. This can lead to a more positive classroom environment, with less disruption and more opportunities for collaborative learning.
Increased Engagement
With smaller classes, teachers can provide more hands-on activities and interactive lessons that engage pupils in the learning process. This can help to increase their motivation, participation, and interest in learning.
Challenges of Small Class Size
Increased Costs
Undoubtedly, smaller class sizes require more teachers, which can be expensive for schools and school districts. This may result in fewer resources being available for other educational programs or activities.
Difficulty in Hiring and Retaining Teachers
With more teachers required, smaller classes may be more difficult to staff, particularly in areas where there is a shortage of qualified teachers. Additionally, retaining teachers may be challenging if they are offered higher salaries to work in larger classes or in other school districts.
Limited Socialization Opportunities
With fewer pupils in a class, there are limited opportunities to interact with a diverse group of peers. This can impede their exposure to different perspectives and experiences, potentially hindering their social and emotional development.
Reduced Opportunities for Collaboration
Smaller classes may also limit opportunities for collaborative learning and group work. Pupils may have fewer opportunities to work with others and develop important social and teamwork skills.
In conclusion, the prospects and challenges of small class sizes are complex and multifaceted. There should be a nice inverse relationship between class size and the quality of lesson delivered. The focus should be on the quality of teaching rather than the number of children in a classroom. Just like a bad teacher is likely not to impact on a pupil even if the class is shrunk, a good pupil is likely to excel even if their class increases in size. Thus, within certain bounds, class size is not a particularly important factor in the efficacy of teaching.
Ultimately, the decision to implement small class sizes should be made based on the specific needs and resources of each school or locality.
Amara Ann Unachukwu
